Southern Landscape
Sunday, December 14th, 2008In November 2004, after a four month open voting process on the website of The National Arbor Day Foundation, Congress passed legislation designating the Oak as the National Tree of America.
Oak, the most widespread of America’s hardwoods, has more than 60 species. One of those, the Southern Live Oak tree goes by many names. I think most commonly it is just called Live Oak by people who live where it grows. And it grows commonly from Texas to Carolinas, although it can be found in other areas. As a representative of the Oak, the Southern Live Oak is a tree to be proud of.
The tree is described by some as being an evergreen. That isn’t exactly true. The live oak is a deciduous tree. It does maintain it’s leaves throughout the winter, but sheds and quickly regrows them over just a few short weeks in the spring. It would certainly seem evergreen unless you were watching carefully.
Today, the tree is mostly thought of as a landscape or street tree. But, during colonial times it was ideal for use in shipbuilding. It has the highest density of any North American hardwood. Because of this, it was used in the construction of “Old Ironsides”, the US ship famous for being so tough that the cannon balls from British war ships literally bounced off. The massive branches of the live oak was used for the curved ribs of ships. A cousin, the white oak, was actually used for the planking on the USS Constitution because shipbuilders of the time didn’t have the skill to bend or steam the tougher live oak wood into shape. That same toughness makes the live oak ideal for use as fuel or charcoal cooking.
Live oak forms a broad and massive tree, often wider than high at maturity. In the Deep South it is often festooned with Spanish moss dangling from its branches. It is indeed an image associated with the South. Think of plantations and images of live oaks and Spanish moss automatically come to mind.
Those trees used to be far more common. Today, although there are isolated trees and groves, it is far easier to find scenic live oaks in parks and landmarks. Several plantations boast hundreds of yards of tree lined roadways. Imagine miles or even hundreds of miles of tree lined roadways.
The wide neutral ground of Claiborne Avenue in New Orleans was lined with live oak trees, and it’s public green space served as a center of congregation of the area’s residents. That ended in the late 1960’s, when Interstate 10 was constructed above the oldest section of Claiborne Avenue and down came the trees.
As a WPA project, Highway 190 was extended across the Mississippi River from Baton Rouge to Brady, Texas in the 1930’s. Live oaks were planted along it’s length. I vaguely remember seeing those trees when I first traveled that roadway from Opelousas to Baton Rouge in the late 60s. 
A fungus deadly to the live oak was first identified in 1942 Wisconsin had already reached Louisiana by that time. Combined with road expansion and other man-made disasters, that fungus has now virtually eliminated much of the beauty of that drive. That fungus is now common in 22 states.
Although many trees along the Louisiana and Mississippi were destroyed by recent hurricanes, the live oak, as a general rule, is very resistant to weather. A very large portion of those trees were destroyed, not by hurricane force winds, but by having their root systems immersed in salt water for days and weeks. The Seven Sisters Oak was the largest certified Southern Live Oak tree. It is located a few miles from my home in Mandeville, Louisiana. It is estimated to be at least 1000 years old, possibly as old as 1500 years. In 2005, the Seven Sisters Oak survived a near direct hit from Hurricane Katrina. I say was because in the spring of 2008 the Village Sentinel in Waycross, Georgia was remeasured and found to have grown enough to surpass my local tree.
But, I don’t mind. My local tree is still there. It’s still massive. It still serves as a symbol. It’s a symbol of American history. It’s a symbol of strength. It’s a symbol of hope. Thousands of live oak trees are being planted across Louisiana, both to replace those lost in recent hurricanes and to slow coastal erosion and protect our coastline.
Since I purchased my property north of New Orleans I have planned a tree-lined drive. Leyland Cyprus was my tree of choice. I am beginning to rethink that choice. Not only would I be helping preserve a true southern native, the Southern Live Oak is much more fitting for this ‘Southern Gentleman’. I would certainly like to think that my grandchildren remembered the landscape when they remembered visiting their grandparents.
![]() |
Zane Melder EDGE Books Kentwood, LA |
